Марк Твен; Mark Twain — Топик по английскому языку. Адаптированные аудиокниги на английском языке

Mark Twain Biography Essay, Research Paper

Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, he was born in Florida, MO, on Nov. 30, 1835, and he died on Apr. 21, 1910.Through this pen name he achieved worldwide fame during his lifetime as an author, lecturer, satirist, and humorist. Since his death his literary stature has further increased, with such writers as Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner declaring his works particularly Huckleberry Finn major influence on 20th-century American fiction.

Twain was raised in Hannibal, Mo., on the Mississippi River. His writing career began shortly after the death of his father in 1847. Apprenticed first to a printer, he soon joined his brother Orion’s Hannibal Journal, supplying copy and becoming familiar with much of the frontier humor of the time, such as George W. Harris’s Sut Lovingood yarns and other works of the so-called Southwestern Humorists.

From 1853 to 1857, Twain visited and periodically worked as a printer in New York, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and Cincinnati, corresponding with his brother’s newspapers under various pseudonyms. After a visit to New Orleans in 1857, he learned the difficult art of steamboat piloting, an occupation that he followed until the Civil War closed the river, and that furnished the background for “Old Times on the Mississippi” (1875), later included in the expanded Life on the Mississippi (1883).

In 1861, Twain traveled by stagecoach to Carson City, Nev., with his brother Orion, who had been appointed territorial secretary. After unsuccessful attempts at silver and gold mining, he returned to writing as a correspondent for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. At first he signed his humorous and imaginative sketches “Josh,” but early in 1863 he adopted the now-famous name Mark Twain, borrowed from the Mississippi leadsman’s call meaning “two fathoms” deep safe water for a steamboat.

Twain went to San Francisco in 1864. Dubbed the “Wild Humorist of the Pacific Slope,” he achieved a measure of national fame with his story “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” (1865). A trip to Hawaii in 1866 furnished articles for the Sacramento Union and materials for the first lecture, on his return, in a long and successful career as a public speaker. The following year he traveled to the Mediterranean and the Holy Land, providing letters to the San Francisco Alta California that, in their revised form as The Innocents Abroad (1869), won immediate international attention.

In 1870, Twain married Olivia Langdon of Elmira, N.Y. After serving briefly as editor and part owner of the Buffalo Express, he moved to Hartford, Conn., in 1871, abandoning journalism in order to devote his full attention to serious literature. There, and during summers in Elmira, he produced Roughing It (1872) an account of his Western years, The Gilded Age (1873, with Charles Dudley Warner) a satire of get-rich-quick schemes and political chicanery, the New Pieces for Sketches, New and Old (1875), and Tom Sawyer (1875) his classic tale of boyhood.

A European sojourn in 1878-79 inspired A Tramp Abroad (1880), soon followed by The Prince and the Pauper (1882), Twain’s first historical novel. He later turned to history again in the allegorical satire A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (1889), a powerful fictional indictment of political and social injustice. Meanwhile, he completed Life on the Mississippi (1883) and, after establishing his own firm, Charles L. Webster and Co., published his masterpiece, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, in 1884.

Increasingly involved financial problems prompted Twain to move to Europe in 1891, just after finishing The American Claimant (1892). In 1894, following the failure of his publishing company and of the Paige typesetting machine in which he had invested heavily, Twain was forced to declare bankruptcy. During this period he turned out a number of works, generally inferior to his best: The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson (1894), Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894), Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (1896), and Tom Sawyer, Detective (1896). In 1895, to help recoup his losses, he embarked on a world lecture tour, later described in Following the Equator (1897).

Although his financial situation rapidly improved, additional stress and sorrow came with the deaths of Twain’s daughter Susy in 1896 and of his wife in 1904. His writings of the late 1890s and 1900s became more pessimistic than ever: “The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg” (1898) and What Is Man? (1906) are particularly scathing examinations of human nature. Yet, these works also imply that proper understanding of human motivations can result in progress. Moreover, volumes in the Mark Twain Papers series Which Was the Dream?, and Other Symbolic Writings of the Later Years (1967), Mark Twain’s Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts (1969), and Mark Twain’s Fables of Man (1972) suggest that the period was not the wasteland described by some critics.

Марк Твен биография на английском языке представлена в этой статье.

Марк Твен краткая биография на английском

An iconic figure of the American literature whose works have reached, entertained and inspired a global readership, Mark Twain was the exceptional author of the famous Huckleberry Finn (1885) which is considered to be one of the first great American novels.

Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri. He was the sixth child of John Marshall Clemens, a judge and Jane Lampton who had no idea they had become parents to what would be one of the most famous personalities in America. In 1839, four years after his birth, Samuel’s family moved 35 miles east to their Hill Street home in Hannibal. The bustling port city of Hannibal where steamboats arrived from St. Louis and New Orleans day and night would later be featured fictitiously as the town of St. Petersburg in Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn.

The death of his father in 1847 left the family in a financial crunch forcing Samuel to drop out of school while studying in grade five. He set out to work in order to support himself and the family. Among the many jobs Samuel undertook was becoming a printer’s apprentice and a journeyman printer. Samuel realized his love of writing while working as a printer and editorial assistant at his brother Orion’s newspaper. In 1857, a young Samuel left for St. Louis where he became a river pilot’s apprentice earning a license in 1858. He travelled frequently between St. Louis and New Orleans, with a growing appreciation for the world’s second longest river which he admiringly illustrates through words in his memoir, Life on the Mississippi (1883). It was during his days as a river pilot that Samuel acquired the pseudonym, Mark Twain which is a river term referring to being safe to navigate when the depth of water is 12 feet for the boat to be sounded.

The outbreak of Civil war in 1861 brought the river trade to stand still. Twain began working as a reporter for several newspapers all over the United States. Some publications he reported for included Territorial Enterprise, The Alta Californian, San Francisco Morning Call, Sacramento Union and The Galaxy. He travelled extensively during this period while prolifically writing short stories such as Advice for Little Girls (1867) and The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavaras County (1867) which was published in the New York Saturday Press. His first book, The Innocents Abroad was published in 1869. Mark Twain married Olivia Langdon in 1870. They had four children, one of whom died in infancy and two died in their twenties.

A productive writer, Twain continued to gain recognition as a writer for his work of quality. In 1876, he published The Adventures of Tom Sawyer followed by The Adventured of Huckleberry Finn in 1885. He was awarded an honorary Masters of Art degree from Yale University in 1888. Twain began a worldwide lecturing tour in 1895. Oxford University also awarded him an honorary Doctorate of letters in 1907. Some notable titles out of the 28 books and numerous short stories, sketches and letters Twain wrote are A Tramp Abroad (1880), The Prince and the Pauper (1882), The American Claimant (1892) and Following The Equator (1897).

On April 21, 1910, Mark Twain passed away leaving behind his legacy and writings which became an important part of world literature for forever.

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The Biography of Mark TwainБиография Марка Твена
Samuel Langhorne Clemens was a famous American writer and humorist. He was better known by his pen friend Mark Twain. Perhaps, everybody knows about the adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. The author of these stories was Mark Twain. He was born in Florida, Missouri on November 30th, 1835. When he was four years old his family moved to Hannibal in Missouri. It was a port town on the Mississippi River, which inspired the fictional town in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. He was only eleven when his father died and he soon began working as a printers apprentice and contributor of funny sketches. When he was 18 he left the town to work in New York, Philadelphia and some other large cities as a printer. Mark Twain travelled a lot. While being on the voyage to New Orleans he met Horace E. Bixby, who was a steamboat pilot and who later inspired a young author to become a pilot too. He soon obtained a steamboat pilot license. Until 1861 he worked as a pilot. He also persuaded his brother Henry to work together. In 1858 Henry died in steamboat explosion. It was known that Mark Twain foresaw this accident in his dream. In 1876 he wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. This book became popular not only with kids but also with adults. It was translated nearly into every language in the world. The book was such a success that in 1884 he wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Later he also wrote Tom Sawyer Abroad, Tom sawyer the Detective etc. There were many other books written by Mark Twain but the stories about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn brought him world fame.Сэмюэл Лэнгхорн Клеменс был известным американским писателем и юмористом. Он был более известен по своему писательскому псевдониму, как Марк Твен. Возможно, все знают о приключениях Тома Сойера и Гекльберри Финна. Автором этих историй был Марк Твен. Он родился во Флориде, штат Миссури, 30-го ноября 1835 года. Когда ему было четыре года, его семья переехала в Ганнибал в штате Миссури. Это был портовый город на реке Миссисипи, который вдохновил его на создание вымышленного городка в "Приключениях Тома Сойера" и "Приключениях Гекльберри Финна". Ему было всего одиннадцать, когда его отец умер, и вскоре он начал подрабатывать помощником печатника и автором смешных эскизов. Когда ему было 18 лет, он покинул город и отправился работать в Нью-Йорк, Филадельфию и другие крупные города в качестве печатника. Марк Твен много путешествовал. Во время путешествия в Новый Орлеан он познакомился с Горацием Е. Биксби, который был пилотом парохода, и который позже вдохновил молодого автора стать также пилотом. Вскоре он получил лицензию на управление пароходом. До 1861 года он работал в качестве пилота. Он также уговорил брата Генри работать вместе с ним. В 1858 году Генри умер в результате взрыва парохода. Было известно, что Марк Твен предвидел этот несчастный случай во сне. В 1876 году он написал "Приключения Тома Сойера". Эта книга стала популярной не только среди детей, но и среди взрослых. Она была переведена почти на все языки мира. Книга имела такой успех, что в 1884 году он написал "Приключения Гекльберри Финна". Позже он также написал "Том Сойер за границей, Том Сойер детектив" и т. д. Были и многие другие книги, написанные Марком Твеном, но рассказы о Томе Сойере и Гекльберри Финне принесли ему мировую славую
Тома Сойера было два особых друзей. их звали Джо гарпер и Гекльберри Финн.hucklerru-длинное название.все называли мальчика гека.тетя Полли сказала, что к тому, что ты должен быть хорошим мальчиком, том и Джо с матерью сказал Джо вы мист быть хорошим Англии Джо. они wandted мальчики ведут себя хорошо. Гек Финн не жил ни с кем. у него не было матери или братьев и сестру.и у него не дяди и не тети.его отец жил далеко от него.он был плохим человеком и спал на берегу реки.в плохую погоду он спал в сарае.он никогда не ходил в церковь, и он никогда не ходил в школу.Гек носил очень старое одежду и он никогда не мыли. другие мальчики любил гека. они хотели быть Гек.хотел быть Гек. они не хотят ходить в церковь.они не хотят ходить в школу
Mark TWAIN (eng. Mark Twain, real name Samuel Langhorne Clemens, Samuel Langhorne Clemens; November 30, 1835, the village of Florida (eng.)Russian., Missouri, USA April 21, 1910, Redding, Connecticut, USA) is an American writer, journalist and public figure. Its creativity covers set of genres humor, satire, philosophical fiction, journalism and others, and in all these genres, he has consistently taken the position of humanist and Democrat.
Марк Твен (англ. Mark Twain, настоящее имя Сэмюэл Лэнгхорн Клеменс, Samuel Langhorne Clemens; 30 ноября 1835 года, послок Флорида (англ.) русск., Миссури, США 21 апреля 1910 года, Реддинг, Коннектикут, США) американский писатель, журналист и общественный деятель. Его творчество охватывает множество жанров юмор, сатиру, философскую фантастику, публицистику и другие, и во всех этих жанрах он неизменно занимает позицию гуманиста и демократа.

In 1867 Twain took a trip on the ship "The Quaker City." The collection of sketches "Innocents Abroad" which he wrote about the journey brought him fame.

In 1876 he published his world famous book "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and only eight years later he finished his masterpiece "Huckleberry Finn."

In 1935 Ernest Hemingway wrote that "Huckleberry Finn" was the first and best book in American literature. William Faulkner said the same in 1955. Before Mark Twain, they said, there was only an American dialect, but after him there was an American language.

Many critics say that Twain’s books give a better picture of the period than history books.

Mark Twain died in 1910.

Notes

Samuel L. Clemens was born… — Самуэль Л. Клеменс родился… Глагол to bear (bore, born) употреблен в страдательном залоге в Past Indefinite Tense (формула страдательного залога: to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе + Participle II , то есть причастие прошедшего времени смыслового глагола ).
he joined miners searching for silver — он присоединился к старателям, которые искали серебро (залежи серебра) . Глагол to search употреблен в форме причастия настоящего времени (Participle I). В данном предложении Present Participle выступает в функции определения (после существительного, к которому оно относится).
"The Jumping Frog" was published — Знаменитая скачущая лягушка из «Калавераса» была напечатана. Глагол to publish употреблен в страдательном залоге в Past Indefinite Tense (см. примеч.1).
"The Quaker City" — «Город квакеров» (название парохода).
there was an American language — появился американский язык (Фолкнер и Хемингуэй имели в виду «литературный язык»).

Words

adopt — 1. принимать 2. усыновлять
to adopt a resolution — принять резолюцию
to adopt a child — усыновить ребёнка
advise — советовать, рекомендовать
Did you advise Jill to read this book? - Вы посоветовали Джил прочитать эту книгу?
age — возраст
at an early age — в аннем возрасте
at the age of twenty — в возрасте двадцати лет
army — армия; the Confederate Army — армия конфедератов (армия конфедерации 11-ти южных штатов. которая боролась против армии северян в Гражданской войне 1862-65 гг.)
bank — берег (реки, пруда, озера)
There was a lot of people on the bank of the Mississippi River.
city — город; город, имеющий муниципалитет (в США); большой город (в Англии);
a city paper — городская газета
become (became, become) — делаться, становиться; превращаться;
to become rich — разбогатеть
before — до, раньше (во временном значении указывает на предшествование);
He came back before dinner. – Он вернулся до обеда.
begin (began, begun) — 1. начинать, приступать (к чему-либо) He began to write at the age of twenty. ; 2. начинаться; When does school begin? – Когда начинаются занятия в школе?
break (broke, broken) out — вспыхивать (о войне, пожаре, эпидемии);
When did the Civil War in the USA break out?
Civil War — Гражданская война (1862-65 гг. в США)
collection — собрание
a collection of stories — сборник рассказов
critic — критик
dialect — диалект; наречие
die — умирать
Hemingway died in 1961. – Хемингуэй умер в 1961 году.
during — в течение, во время
early — рано
east — восток
in the east — на востоке; the East — Восток, восточная часть США (территория, расположенная к востоку от р. Миссисипи)
enjoy — нравиться, получать удовольствие (от чего-л.)
to enjoy music — получать удовольствие от музыки
to enjoy every minute of it — получать огромное удовольствие (от чего-либо)
fail — 1. терпеть неудачу He failed to become a journalist. 2. подводить, не оправдывать ожиданий He failed me at the last minute. – Он подвел меня в последнюю минуту.
fame — слава, известность
to bring somebody a fame — принести кому-либо известность The first book brought the young writer fame.
famous — знаменитый, прославленный, известный
Mark Twain is a famous American writer. – Марк Твен – знаменитый американский писатель.
to become famous — стать знаменитым
fight (fought, fought) – сражаться, бороться
fight for – бороться за
finish – кончать(ся), заканчивать(ся), завершать(ся) Did you finish the book?
for — за (указывает на лицо или предмет, в поддержку или в защиту которого выступают)
give a picture of — давать представление (изображение) чего-либо
great — 1. большой, огромный 2. великий
a great city – огромный город; a great writer (painter, etc) – великий писатель (художник и т.д.)
humorist — юморист
humorous — юмористический
a humorous writer – юмористический писатель
a humorous story – юмористический рассказ
join — присоединяться
to join the army – пойти в армию Mark Twain did not want to join the Confederate Army. – Марк Твен не захотел вступить в армию конфедератов.
journey — поездка, путешествие
last — последний; last week (month, year) – на прошлой неделе (в прошлом месяце, году)
leave (left, left) school — бросить школу или окончить школу
Mark Twain had to leave school at an early age. – Марк Твен вынужден был бросить школу в раннем возрасте.
literature — литература
to study literature - изучать литературу
living — средства к существованию
to work for a living – зарабатывать на жизнь
What do you do for a living? – Кем вы работаете?
masterpiece — шедевр
miner — горняк, горнорабочий, шахтер, рудокоп
north — север in the north - на севере
period — период
periodical — журнал, периодическое издание
pilot — вести пароход (в качестве лоцмана)
printer — печатник
to work as a printer – работать печатником
pseudonym — псевдоним
to adopt a pseudonym – принять псевдоним
publish — издавать, опубликовывать
to be published – быть изданным (опубликованным) When was Mark Twain’s first book published?
reporter — – репортёр, корреспондент
rich — – богатый
to become rich – разбогатеть Mark Twain failed to become rich.
river — река
search for — искать что-либо
ship — пароход, корабль
silver — серебро
sketch — очерк, заметки

17 Сен

Тема по английскому языку: Марк Твен

Топик по английскому языку: Марк Твен (Mark Twain). Данный текст может быть использован в качестве презентации, проекта, рассказа, эссе, сочинения или сообщения на тему.

Ранние годы

Марк Твен родился в штате Миссури в Соединенных Штатах 30 ноября 1835. Он считается великим юмористом американской литературы 19 века. Отец Твена был неудачливым юристом. В 1838 семья Марка переехала в Ганнибал, Миссури, на реке Миссисипи, где молодой Твен испытал волнение, увидев красочные достопримечательности набережной. Как и многие другие авторы своего времени, он не получил положенного образования. Он даже не окончил среднюю школу. Он начал работать в возрасте 12 лет. Два года Твен работал в маленькой газете своего старшего брата и печатником, и репортером. 1853 Марк покинул Ганнибал, чтобы путешествовать. По пути в Новый Орлеан он убедил речного пилота научить его своему мастерству. К весне 1859 Марк Твен был лицензированным лодочным пилотом.

Литературный псевдоним

Настоящее имя Марка Твена было Самюэль Клеменс. Его литературный псевдоним в речной тематике означает «две морские сажени».

Первый популярный рассказ

С началом Гражданской войны в США Твен решил не вмешиваться в происходящие события и переехал в Карсон-Сити, штат Невада. После неудачной попытки добычи золота и серебра он был зачислен в штат газеты в Вирджиния-Сити, штат Невада. Твен написал свой первый популярный рассказ в 1865; он назывался «Прыжки лягушки Калаверас Каунти».

Приключения Тома Сойера

В 1876 Марк написал «Приключения Тома Сойера», которые принесли ему мировую славу. Книга была чрезвычайно популярна и переведена почти на каждый язык мира. Позже были изданы «Приключения Гекльберри Финна», «Том Сойер за границей», и «Том Сойер – детектив». Персонажи историй Твена всегда хорошо изображены; сами истории являются жизненными, а сюжеты искусно выстроены.

Другие работы

Между 1873 и 1889 Твен написал несколько романов, включая «Принц и нищий» и «Янки из Коннектикута при дворе короля Артура». Марк Твен был также автором сатир и критики, которые открывали правду об американском образе жизни.

Смерть

Он умер в 1910.

Скачать Топик по английскому языку: Марк Твен

Mark Twain

Early years

Mark Twain was born in the state of Missouri in the United States on 30 November, 1835. He is considered the greatest humorist of 19th Century American literature. Twain’s father was an unsuccessful lawyer. In 1839 Mark’s family moved to Hannibal, Missouri, on the Mississippi River where young Twain experienced the excitement and colorful sights of the waterfront. Like many authors of his day the future writer had little formal education. He didn’t even finish secondary school. He started working at the age of 12. For two years Twain worked for his elder brother’s small newspaper both as a printer and reporter. In 1853 Mark left Hannibal in order to travel. On a trip to New Orleans he persuaded a riverboat pilot to teach him his skill. By the spring of 1859 Mark Twain was a licensed riverboat pilot.

Pen name

Mark Twain’s real name was Samuel Clemens. His pen name means “two fathoms” in riverboat-talk.

First popular story

At the outbreak of the American Civil War Twain chose not to get involved and moved to Carson City, Nevada. After an unsuccessful attempt at gold and silver mining he joined the staff of a newspaper in Virginia City, Nevada. Twain wrote his first popular story in 1865; it was called The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

In 1876 Mark wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, which brought him world fame. The book was extremely popular and translated into nearly every language of the world. Later were published The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Tom Sawyer Abroad and Tom Sawyer the Detective. The characters of Twain’s stories are always well-drawn; the stories themselves true-to-life and the plots are skillfully built up.

Other works

Between 1873 and 1889 Twain wrote several novels, including The Prince and the Pauper and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court. Mark Twain was also the author of satires and critical pages revealing a good deal of the truth about American way of life.